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The Northern Dynasties History Examination (Part 1)
Author: Chen Dongsen
Source: “The Collection of Historical Language Research Institute” 1995, 66 books, 4th.
Teacher Chen Dongsen’s Note:This article was originally published in the 1995 “The Collection of Historical Language Research Institute” 66 books, 4th. However, when this article was published, the “Northern Translation of “Shangshu Confucius” was briefly explained and the topic was changed to “The Second and Third Questions of Northern Dynasties Study”. The old draft will add this section to the original topic and will be changed back to the original topic. I will explain it here.
Abstract
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the learning style of the North and South was unparalleled. However, because most of the Northern Dynasties’ academic works are not published now, I have come to discuss Northern Schools and roughly followed the “Preface to the Northern History: The Confucianism”. This article specifically reviews four things, including the Northern Translation of “Shangshu Kong Ji”, the Northern Learning and the Southern Learning, the Gongyang” study of the Northern Dynasties, and the relationship between “Shangshu Zhengyi” and the two Liuyi commentaries: (1) “Confucius” was published in the Northern Dynasties, and there were two statements, “Northern Books” and “Northern History” believed that it was at the end of Wuping, Northern Qi; Kong Da Zhengyi said that the Sui Dynasty was first passed down to Heshuo. These two statements are not confirmed. This article lists the “Shui Ju” and other certificates, which describes the “Kong Ji” that was spread in Hebei during the Northern Wei Dynasty. (II) Pi Xirui’s “History of Learning” believes that the Northern Dynasties were studying fiercely and conquered old meanings, and their learning was the most pure and upright; it was later merged by the Southern School, which was caused by “the relationship was both old and new, and the learning was also prosperous.” This article reviews historical facts and believes that the Northern Dynasties’ academic famine was ultimately the main cause of the Southern School. (III) Pi believes that the statement that “He Xiu’s “Gongyang” travels to Hebei” in “Northern History: Confucianism” is not true. In fact, the “Northern History” is based on the Wei Su’s “Wei Book”. According to the biography of “Wei Books” and the mutual examination, He Xiu’s “Notes” style traveled in Hebei during the Northern Wei Dynasty, and his words should be entrusted. Especially in the Northern Dynasties, there were three styles of learning. Therefore, the students are very famous as “Gongyang”. (IV) The book “Shang Shu Zhengyi” says that except for the Tang Dynasty’s Tang Dynasty’s official Liu Xuan, the rest of the book are all original Liu Xuan. Because Liu Xuan’s “Shang Shu Ji” has been dead for a long time, this hypothesis is difficult to stop. Now it is verified from the slander version of Liu Xuan’s “Filial Piety Notes” in Japan (Japan), and it is also reflected by the commentary of this version. It can be determined that the “Shang Shu Zhengyi” can be used and intercepted by Liu Xuan and Liu Zhuo’s two schools of thought. It is not as mentioned by Liu Yusong and Pan Chongwei, and it is specialized in the slander family.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jiangzuo and Heluo had different styles. “The Preface to the Northern History‧Scholars‧Preface” is recorded in a clear text:
The chapters and sentences that are roughly described in the north and south are different from each other. Jiang Zuo’s “Book of Changes” is Wang Qisi, “Shang Shu” is Kong Anguo, “Preparing conditionsLeft Zhu” is Du Yuankai; Heluo’s “Zuo Zhu” is Fu Zishen, “Shang Shu” and “Zuo Zhu” are ZhengKang Cheng. The “Pen” is also dominated by Mao Gong, while the “Pen” is also followed by the Zheng family. The Southerners are simple and have obtained English; the Northerners have a deep understanding of their roots and have destroyed their branches. [1]
This is the difference between the South and North learning. Many of the works of studying in the Northern Dynasties are not published now, so I have been able to explain the development and interpretation of the Northern School in a deep way. Huang Pixie’s “History of Study” shows that he has a good idea to describe the study of the Northern Dynasties. This article briefly examines the four issues of “Shangshu Confucius”, “Northern Learning” in the Northern Learning, “Gongyang” in the Northern Dynasties, and “Shangshu Zhengyi” and the Second Liu’s “Survey” to wait for discussion by historical researchers to discuss it.
The Northern Episode of “Shangshu Kong Ji”
The Northern Episode of “Shangshu Kong Ji” has two statements. “Bei Qi Book‧Su Lin Zhi” says:
The Confucian scholars of Qi were rarely published in “Shang Shu”, and Xu Zunming was also familiar with it. Zunming was appointed as the chief of King Liu of Tunliu, [2], and was awarded the title of Li Zhouren of Fuyang, Zhang Wenjing of Bohai, Li Rui and the Association of Li Rui and the Association, and was noted by Zheng Kangcheng, which is not an ancient text. I am a student from the bottom of the book, but I don’t know what Kong’s annotation is. At the end of Wuping, Liu Guangbo (Xuan) and Liu Shiyuan (Zhuo) from the River Department began to pay for the “Yi Shu” and paid attention to it. [3]
The literary consent of “Northern History‧Scholars”. [4] Most of the scholars who have come to know the “Northern Books” and “Northern History”, considering the “Shang Books” published by the Northern Dynasties, which is the “Notes” version of Zheng Xuan; to the end of Wuping of the Northern Qi Dynasty, Liu Xuan and Liu Zhuodeqian wrote the “Shang Books” written by Liu Xuan and Liu Zhuo. From this ancient Confucius’ “Zhi” he learned from the Southern scholars. According to the history of the fees, “The Sui Books‧Records” are recorded in “Ten Volumes of “Shang Shu Yi Shu”, written by Liang Guozi Assistant Teaching”, [5] “Classic Text‧Preface” also says that “The Liang Guozi Assistant Teaching Jiang Xia Assistant Teaching” is written in the world.” [6] Zhishi’s “Yi Shu” is based on the Southern School, and the commentary of his book is the ancient text of Confucius’ “Ji”. Therefore, most of the scholars say that Confucius’ “Ji” was published in the Northern School, which began in the Second Book. Recently, Liu Zhi’s “History of Shang Books” also included the amount of money to maintain. In this way, “The Northern Wei and Northern Qi did not know that Kong Anguo’s “Ancient Literature and Shang Books” were not known until the end of the Northern Qi that his scholars Liu Xuan and Liu Zhuo obtained the “Shang Books of Shang Books” paid by scholars of the Southern Dynasty, and then passed the “Ancient Literature and Shang Books” to the Northern Dynasties.”[7] This was used to convey the Northern Qi and the Northern Qi at the end of Wuping.
Kong Yuda’s “Shangshu Zhengyi Preface” says: “In ancient Chinese Confucius “The Legend of the Condor He” “all those who have learned from Jiangzuo are all from their ancestors; it was almost the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, and it began to flow into the rivers.” [8] Pi Xirui’s “History of the Study” also says: “When the Sui Dynasty and Chen were combined, Chu Xi, Gun Biao, Lu Shida, and Zhang Yun were all considered to be more important to the emperors of the south than the emperor. The books on the southern side, such as the “Yi Shu”, also flowed into the south.” [9] This was published in Heshuo by Confucius’ “Ji”, and the incident occurred in the early Sui Dynasty.
The current Yi Yi examined it, and both of them were not true. According to the book “Shui Ju” written by Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty, his book quoted Confucius’ “Jian” as saying:
1. “River Water Chapter”: “The south is west of Puyang County.” “Jian”: “The “Shang Shu” says, “It is said that “the two girls are surrendered to the mother’s silence”, Kong Anguo said, “It lives in the mother’s water.” “The quoted “Jian” Kong “Jian”. [10]
2. “Yue Dong, passing through the south of Yang County.” “合”: “The Fu’s clan in the south of the east, and the common name is the cave of the sage. Kong Anguo’s “合”: ‘合 is hidden between Yu and Guo’, which is the place.” According to “合合”: “合合”: “合合”: “合合”: “合合”: ̶
